مجلة القادسیة للعلوم الزراعیة

سوء إدارة المياه في الزراعة: دراسة حالة اليونان. بدءاً من ”كيف“ و”لماذا“.

نوع المقالة : بحث

https://doi.org/10.33794/qjas.2024.149833.1175
الملخص
تتعلق هذه الدراسة بسهل أرتا، الواقع في الجزء الشمالي الغربي من اليونان، في واحدة من أكثر المناطق التي تتمتع بفائض مائي في البلاد، حيث تتساقط الأمطار السنوية بأعلى معدلاتها. ومع ذلك، على الرغم من ثروة المنطقة المائية، يعاني السهل من نقص في المياه، مما يشكل تحديات للإنتاجية الزراعية. تتعمق هذه الدراسة في فحص هذه المفارقة بهدف تقديم رؤى حول استفسارات أساسية مثل ”ما هي متطلبات الري السنوية للسهل وكيف يتم توزيعها على مدار العام“؟ ” و ’هل المياه التي توفرها شبكة الري الجماعية كافية لتلبية هذه الاحتياجات؟‘ و “ما هي نسبة احتياجات الري التي يتم تلبيتها من المياه الجوفية؟ وفي ظل غياب البيانات والقياسات، تم وضع منهجية لتقريب الميزان المائي باستخدام أدوات البرمجيات والاعتماد على خبرة المزارعين ومعرفتهم، وبالتالي وضع الأساس لتحسين الإنتاج الزراعي ومعالجة قضايا الإدارة. لحساب الاحتياجات المائية، استُخدمت برمجية CROPWAT 8.0 لحساب الاحتياجات المائية، باستخدام البيانات المناخية من ست محطات أرصاد جوية في المنطقة، في حين تم إجراء مسح نوعي لتقدير معدل استهلاك المياه الجوفية، مستهدفاً مجموعة من أصحاب المصلحة ومجموعة من المزارعين. تم حساب احتياجات المحاصيل السنوية من المياه لتبلغ 49.1 هكتومتر مكعب، حيث تلبي مياه الحفر 41.1% من هذه الاحتياجات. إن إمدادات المياه في نظام الري العام كافية لتلبية الاحتياجات المائية السنوية للمحاصيل. ويشكل النقص في المياه والإفراط في استخراج المياه الجوفية صعوبات إدارية كبيرة يجب معالجتها. وتوفر هذه التحديات فرصاً كبيرة للتحسين والنمو وهي ضرورية للاستدامة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المنطقة.

الكلمات الرئيسة

الزراعة
سهل أرتا
CROPWAT 8.0
الاحتياجات المائية للمحاصيل
إدارة الموارد المائية
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مجلة القادسیة للعلوم الزراعیة
السنة 14، العدد 1 - الرقم التسلسليّ 1
حزيران / يونيو 2024
الصفحة 90-106

  • تاريخ الاستلام 15 أيار / مايو 2024
  • تاريخ التعديل 27 أيار / مايو 2024
  • تاريخ القبول 28 أيار / مايو 2024