مجلة القادسیة للعلوم الزراعیة

قیم مؤشر درجة الحرارة والرطوبة وأهمیتها على الإنتاج الیومی لأبقار الألبان فی المنطقة القاحلة بشمال إفریقیا

نوع المقالة : بحث

المؤلف

Hanane Djelailia
https://doi.org/10.33794/qjas.2023.137406.1114
الملخص
تؤثر التغیرات المناخیة على الجدوى الاقتصادیة للثروة الحیوانیة. لذلک هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى توصیف الإجهاد الحراری فی أبقار هولشتاین التی تربى فی المنطقة القاحلة بتونس وکذلک تقییم تأثیر مؤشر درجة الحرارة والرطوبة (THI) على إنتاج الحلیب ومکوناته الیومیة. لهذا السبب ، تم استخدام 76940 سجلًا فردیًا شهریًا تم جمعها من 1995 إلى 2018 من 3056 بقرة هولشتاین. تم حساب THI من درجة الحرارة المحیطة والرطوبة النسبیة کمقیاس للإجهاد الحراری. لدراسة تأثیر THI على إنتاج الحلیب ، تم استخدام نموذج القیاس الخطی المتکرر. أظهرت النتائج انخفاضًا معنویًا (P <0.01) فی إنتاج الحلیب الیومی والبروتین الیومی ومحتوى الدهون فی جمیع فئات التکافؤ فی الأبقار. لکل نقطة زیادة فی قیم THI التی تتجاوز 64 ، انخفض إنتاج الحلیب والدهون والبروتین بمقدار 0.32 کجم و 0.09 و 0.06٪ على التوالی. علاوة على ذلک ، عندما تراوحت قیمة THI من 64 إلى 85 ، انخفض محتوى الدهون بنسبة 29٪ والبروتین بنسبة 17٪ وإنتاج الحلیب بنسبة 30٪. یؤثر الإجهاد الحراری سلبًا على إنتاج الحلیب ومکونات الحلیب للأبقار الحلوب. یمکن أن تکون هذه النتائج وسیلة لتحسین طول العمر الإنتاجی لأبقار هولشتاین الحلوب فی المناخ القاسی. هناک حاجة إلى استراتیجیات إدارة جادة لتحسین إنتاجیة الأبقار الحلوب وتقلیل تأثیر الإجهاد الحراری.

الكلمات الرئيسة

الأبقار الحلوب,,
,،,؛الإجهاد الحراری,,
,،,؛إنتاج الحلیب,,
,،,؛درجة الحرارة
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مجلة القادسیة للعلوم الزراعیة
السنة 13، العدد 1
كانون الثاني / يناير 0
الصفحة 147-154

  • تاريخ الاستلام 18 كانون الأوّل / ديسمبر 2022
  • تاريخ القبول 09 مارس / آذار 2023