Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences

Abstract
The present experiment was carried out at one field of the research station (B) belongs to Horticulture Department/College of Agriculture/ Baghdad University during the summer season of 2017 in order to study the effect of the inoculation with the mycorrhizae and spray with FeSO4 and Anti-Transpirant (Armurox) on some growth characters and yield of okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench. The experiment was lay out as a factorial experiment (2x3x2) in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The total number of treatments was twelve. The three factors of the experiment included; the inoculation with mycorrhizae (M) (0 and 10 g. plant-1), spray with FeSO4 (F) (0, 0.5, and 1g.L-1), and the Anti-Transpirant ‘Armurox’ (A) (0 and 5 ml.L-1). The results showed that the three factors and their interactions had significant effects on most of the growth characters measured. The inoculation with the mycorrhizae was superior in giving higher values of plant height, number of branches and total number of leaves per plant; 139.97 cm, 15.00 branch. plant-1 and 165.85 leaf. plant-1, respectively. The M1F0A0 combination treatment recorded the highest number of branches per plant (16.50) while the M1F2A1 treatment recorded the highest values of plant height (145.66 cm), total leaves number (170.33 leaf. plant-1), leaf area (731.36 dcm-2. plant-1), number of pods (19.20 pod. plant-1), and plant yield (809.40 g. plant-1).
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A field experiment was carried out in the fields of one of the farmers in AL Diwaniyah Governorate for the winter season 2015/2016 using nine varieties of wheat bread (Tamoze 1, Tamoze 2, , Maksebak, Sabah, Eba 95, Latifia, Eba 99, Abu Ghraib and Sham 6). RCBD Used design with three replicate in order to estimation of some genetic parameters and correlation of bread wheat varieties under the experiment Diwaniyah to determine the most effect characters on yield that can be used as guide to select and improve the yield . an account Genetic and phenotypic variation , correlation coefficient, inheritance ratio in broad and narrow Expected genetic improvement ratio for character hight plant , namber of Branches , spike length , number of grains spike ,weight of 1000 and yield ..
The results showed that there were significant differences between the cultivars, with the superiority of the Eba 99 by giving the highest rate of 1043.3 kg / dunum between the varieties. There were significant differences between the studied characters Abu99 the superiority in number of branches , length of spick , number of the seed spick and ,weight of 1000 grin their average ( 11.33, 12.0, 66.3 and 47.3 gram, respectively), which were positively reflected in grain yield.
The genetic, environmental and morphological differences of the studied character were significant and the values of the genetic and phenotypic factors were correlated to most traits and inheritance in the broad sense higher (0.592 - 0.728)
As an average percentage medal of most traits, but genetic and phenotypic correlation were significant in the desired direction of most yield and therefore yield can be considered as an electoral tool in breeding and plant improvement programs.
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A field experiment was carried out in one of the fields of plot 158 district 41 Husseiniya , township of Taliaa, Babylon Governorate, to study fertilizer use efficiency of nano fertilizers micronutrients foliar application on Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.).The experiment included 17 treatments of spraying the nano-fertilizes micronutrients of nano iron 13% Fe ,nano zinc 20% Zn, nano copper 15% Cu and nano manganese 18% Mn, single spray, dual, triple and quadruple combinations, as well as a quadratic combination of a traditional source as well as the treatment of water-only control. In nutrients content in arial parts and tubers, nutrients uptake, total uptake ,FUE,MNUE. RCBD design with three replicates, and the solutions were sprayed early in the morning after 60 days of planting and at 25, 50, 75 and 100 g fertilizer 100 L-1 Water for to spray the first, second, third and fourth respectively, and according to the recommendation by 1 kg Naon fertilizers h-1, and another 400 liters of spray solution h-1.

The results of the duncan test showed a probability level of 0.05 The superiority of the single spray treatments followed by the treatment of nano (Zn+Cu+Fe+Mn) in micronutrients content of arial parts and tubers of zinc, copper, iron, manganese and total uptake, While achieved the nutrient use efficiency of nano-zinc, nano-copper, nano-iron and nano-manganese (93.10, 85.00, 99.00 and 85.50%) sequentially. For individual spray treatments and (91.60, 81.30, 91.85, and 83.40%) sequentially for the treatment of nano spray common quartet (Zn + Cu + Fe + Mn). .

The present experiment was conducted at one field of the research station (B) belongs to Horticulture Department/College of Agriculture/ Baghdad University during the summer season of 2017 in order to study the effect of the inoculation with the mycorrhizae and spray with FeSO4 and Anti-transpirant (Armurox) on some growth characters and yield of okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench. The experiment was lay out as a factorial experiment (2x3x2) in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The three factors used in this experiment included; the inoculation with mycorrhizae (M) (0 and 10 g. plant-1), spray with FeSO4 (F) (0, 0.5, and 1g. L-1), and the Anti-transpirant ‘Armurox’ (A) (0 and 5 ml.L-1). The results showed that the inoculation with mycorrhizae had positive effect on chlorophyll content, dry weight of shoot, total number of flowers and total yield with values of 51.15 mg.100 g-1, 28.73%, 116.12 flower. plant -1, 21.92 ton. hectare-1, respectively. The M1F0A0 combination treatment was superior in total number of flowers per plant (132.90), while the M1F2A1 combination treatment was superior in chlorophyll content, dry weight and total yield with values of 68.23 mg. 100 g-1, 31.82%, and 25.29 ton. hectare-1, respectively. .

This research was conducted in orchard belong to Al-Mahawel date palm station (Abo Sderah) / Ministry of Agriculture located in governorate of Babylon, during the season 2015-2016. Twenty four uniform date palm Phoenix dactylifera. L. Sultani cultivar were used , to study the effect of the pollinator type (P1: Ghannamiakhder , P2: Ghannamiahmer and P3:khukri ), the concentration of Naphthalene Acetic Acid NAA(0 , 50 and 100 ) mg.L-1 and their interaction on fruits setting up , fruits drop and some of physical and chemical characteristics of fruits of date palm Sultani cultivar .Experiment carried out as factorial experiment(3×3) by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in each treatment , and the means were compared using LSD level of significant test at P ≤ 0·05. The results can be summarized as that Ghannamiahmer (P2) cultivar and 50 mg.L-1 NAA application showed a significant increase in the fruit setting% , while Khukri cultivar(P3) showed significantly increased fruit size and weight as compared with the other cultivars.Furthermore the cultivar(P1) obtained a significant increase in the bunch weight in Rutab stage as compared with the other cultivars. While the cultivar(P2)with 100 mg.L-1 NAA application showed significant increase in bunch weight in Rutab stage as compared with the other interactions. Ghannamiakhder (P1) cultivar had a significant increase in the fruit content of reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, while khukri showed significant increase in fruit content of dry matter% and total sugars as compared with the other cultivars..

Afield experiment was carried out during the spring and autumn seasons of 2016 and 2017 in AL- Musaib city / 40 km north of Babylon Provence. Two hybrids of sunflower( shamus, French hybrid (Euroflor) were used to evaluate the performance of the two cultivars at both growing seasons as well as knowledge of genetic behavior by studying the genetic and phenotypic variations, heritability percent, genetic and phenotypic coefficient, stability and persistence of the two cultivars .
The results showed significant differences of the studied traits, as the genetic genotype (Shamus) most of the characteristics, especially in yield for two seasons.
The genetic variance was higher than the environmental variance for the two seasons indicating that the two cultivars followed the same behavior. The heritability percent the dominant sense was high for most of the traits. The genetic and phenotypic variations between the mean and the high were different for the two seasons, the correlation coefficient was significant, for both cultivars, indicating the appropriateness of the two genotypes for the country's environmental conditions..

The experiment was carried out during growing season (2016-2017) at station of greenhouses, AL-Muthanna university- collage of agriculture- second research station (Al-Bander) to study the response of introduced tomato cultivars to different concentrations of potassium under protected agriculture conditions. The research included three cultivars (Pusa ruby - Arka vikash- Arka Alok) and three levels of Potassium Fertilizer (90-180-270 kg/ha-1). The Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial experiment (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed the superiority of Arka Alok variety over others in plant height 121.76 cm, fruit width 6.82 cm, fruit length 4.23 cm, average fruit weight 130.61g, leaf area 129.5 cm2, the yield per plant 2.16 kg. The potassium level (270 Kg/ha-1) was also significantly higher in plant height 118.79 cm, fruit width 5.477 cm, fruit length 3.536 cm, 84.60 g, leaf area 127.3 cm2, TSS 4.97 and chlorophyll content 406.89 mg.m2 and yield per plant 2.16 kg. While the interaction showed significant difference (Arka Alok × 270 Kg.ha-1) in fruit length was 4.24 cm, chlorophyll content was 374.91 mg. m2 and the yield per plant was 2.82 kg. plant-1.-1.

. A field experiment was conducted in the agricultural season (2016 - 2017) in one of the fields of college of Agriculture - University of AL- Qadisiyah on mays L. Zea to study the interrelated effect of both the acid and Azotobacter and Azospirillum. The experiment was applied according to RCBD design and three replicates. The treatment included 12 treatments resulting from the treatment of Control and Azotobacter , Azospirillum , organic fertilizer, The most important results reached:
1. Azotobacter + Azospirillum + organic fertilizer has the superior to the vegetative growth characteristics of mays by giving the highest average (number of leaves, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of root total) (24.67, 17.5 g, 8.17) g respectively, except for treatment (Azospirillum + organic fertilizer) was superior in plant height 92.0 cm.
2-Azotobacter + Azospirillum + organic fertilizer has the highest values for the chemical grade of mays in (potassium, calcium, sodium , respectively (0.243, 2.60 and 0.077) % .

This study aims to estimate the economic efficiency of using economic resources to produce broad bean crop with their technical and allocation efficiency . It also aims to do a comparison between the optimum quantities and the actual quantities of used resources. Data were collected through a questionnaire of 20 crop growers in the Al-Qadisiyah province / Al -Badair county during 2017 planting season. This research Using data envelopment analysis in the assessment of economic efficiency and the separation of its components into technical and allocation efficiencies in achieving its objectives. Input oriented models is used under constant and variable Scale returns in the technical efficiency calculation. Variable Scale return is used in allocation efficiency and cost efficiency calculation. capacity efficiency average was 77%, and technical efficiency reached an average of about 81%. This indicates that the sample farmers can achieve the same level of production using 77% of the production resources with maintaining the current level of production. Cost efficiency averaged about 40%, which indicating that the sample bear additional costs of 40%. The research reached many results related to economic efficiency, including the waste of economic resources resulting in cost increases. Therefore, the research recommends to use of production inputs according to the scientifically recommended quantities and ways, especially the quantity of seeds and fertilizers, in line with the crop needs to reach optimum efficiency. .

In order to study the role of agricultural exploitation in the activity of Alkaline phosphatase in the province of Diwaniyah, six sites that differ in some of their chemical, physical and biological properties were selected (Diwaniyah, Sunniya, Shamiya, Daghara, Afak and Al Budair). Three types of soils were chosen in each location, namely, orchard soil, field soil and jungle soil. The kinetic parameters of the enzymes maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) were estimated in all study soils using increasing concentrations of the controlled substance. The results present that the highest efficacy of this enzyme is in the orchard soil of all sites except the location of the center Diwaniyah and Shamia. The average efficacy values ranged between (208.11 - 234.95) μg P-Nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. The highest value of maximum velocity (Vmax) recorded at the field soil of Al-Shamia site (108.57) μg P-Nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. The lowest value recorded at the soil of a jungle field at the Sunniya location (49.62) μg P-nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. While the orchard soil of Al-Budair had the highest value of the Michaelis constant (Km) of (85.90) mM, the orchard soil of the Sunniya location had the lowest value (24.34) mM. .