Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences

This experiment has been conducted at the Experimental Field /Department of Horticulture; College of Agriculture of Abu- Graib- Baghdad – Iraq during 2009-2010-Season A field study has been carried out to investigate the effect of planting date and organic fertilizers on growth, yield and storability of Elephant Garlic. Planting date treatments are 20/10, 4/11and 19/11/2009. Spray with organic fertilizers (K- Humate) using three concentration (0, 1. 5 and 3 ml. L-1), in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, the experimental results can be summarized as follow :
The second planting date (effects significantly) increased plant height (41.12 cm), number of leaves (8.82 lefl. plant-1), leaf area (34.84 cm2) and number of cloves (4.27 cloves. head -1) and total yield (20.20 ton. h-1) . Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area number of cloves and total yield increased with increasing K- Humate application. Higher K- Humate rates improved 43.89 cm, 9.27 leaf plant-1, 35.97cm 2, 4.62 cloves. head-1 and 22.55 ton. ha-1. The interaction between planting date and organic fertilizers significantly has been increased in all parameters studied. The foliar sprays with k- Humate at the rat of k2 significantly reduces the percentage of weight- loss as compared with ko and the values were 29.49 % and 38.77% respectively while there no significant influences in the percentage of decay.The first planting date D1 significantly reduces the percentage of weight Loss to 30.18% as compared D3 and the percentage is 2.27% as compared with D2 , and the percentage, is 8.51%.

The experiment has been conducted during winter season 2007-2008 in Sammawah province – south of Iraq . Nitrogen has been applied at the rates of ( 0 , 60 , 70 and 80 kg Urea / ha ) , while phosphate levels are (0 , 100 , 110 and 120 kg Triple Super phosphate TSP /ha ) .
The experiment is laid out in RCBD with 3 replications . Data have been collected on plant height (cm) , stem diameter . No . of branches .No. of capsules per plant .No. of seed per capsules , 500 seed weight , seed yield per plant (gm) . seed yield (kg l ha) % fixed oil rate and fixed oil yield (kg / ha ). Significant differences are reveable between the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization . The best result were obtained when using the combined application of 70 kg Urea / ha with 110kg TSP/ha.

The current study shows that there is a correlation between the supply of potassium and mineral composition of soil, which take them as samples by drilling tow pedons, one of them at College of Agriculture, and the college of Engineering of Tikrit University after they are described morphologically, and classified to principal horizons. The results of evaluation tests gave reflection in behavior and nature of potassium case, and traditional, thermodynamic and exchange standards show that potassium supply is high level, and the studied soil does not require a potash fertilizer under these conditions. Perhaps the reasons attributed to the occurrence of chloritization phenomenon through results of XRD because of brucite layer precipitation between interlayers of expansible clay minerals(2:1). Specially montmorillonite clay which makes physical blocking exchange or cross-linked between structural units of montmorillonite clay inhibits ionic exchange, and it causes migration of ions to soil solution as nutrient elements are enough for the require of completing plant growth. So other minerals play an important role in potassium supply such as montmorillonite clay which distinguishes with highly layer charge and highly potassium content because it is inherited form mica mineral in the studed soil. As well as the presence of potash feldspar minerals and palygorskite.

A series of field experiments have been conducted to study the preference of Coccinella undecimpunctata L. to insect hosts during the period 2008-2009 in Babylon Governorate, The results show the following : -
The adults show a highest preference for bean aphids followed by other insect hosts .
The average number of A fabae consumed per day increased daily and reaches highest number 280 insects / day . and the lowest average of 15 insects day .
Adults longevity and number of eggs / female increase when increasing the aphids density supplied daily. The highest longevity of adult and higher number of eggs 81.33 days and 2160 eggs, respectively .When the predator is fed on an insect of 300 aphid day. While the minimum age of the adult was 11days when is fed on 15 aphid days .

This study has been conducted to examine the suitable amount of of the substitution of canola meal for soybean meal that can be used to grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella L. diet , and investigate its effects on growth performance and the body composition . 96 fingerlings of grass carp (M.Wt = 11.33+ 1.43gm) are distributed randomly on three triplicates and four treatments .Using two diets were approximate in level of protein ( 24.49 + 0.38 %) and substitution ( 0 % ) as T1 and T3 respectively with two feeding in the day and substitution ( 5 % ) as T2 and T4 respectively with three feeding in the day . The experiment is continued for 12 weeks .
The Weight increase (W.I ), growth rate (G.R) , relative and specific growth rat ( RGR), food conversion ratio (FCR) , food conversion efficiency (FCE) , The results show that the best diet that provides maximum level of investigated measures, is that T2 there are significant differences between weight increase of fish with T1( control ) and T3. The highest ( FCR ) is 2.31 for diet T2, with ( FCE ) of 36.48 % ,There are no significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) in apparent digestibility between diets T1 with T3 and T2with T4 , and There are significant differences between T2 ,T4 with T1,T3 in all of studied Characteristics. Dry matter of the flesh of the experimented fish increased through increment of crude protein percentage which ranges between 13.73% and 14.76% , crude fat percentage which is ranges between 6.61and 6.91% while initially are 13.21 and 5.93% respectively.

The importance of beekeeping is manifested in its products ,its roles in pollinating flowers and increasing crop production .The development of beekeeping projects depends on identifying the problems faced by , and find appropriate solutions .
The present study aims at identifying problems faced by beekeepers in Al-Diwaniyah city, and depends on a field study of a random sample of them. The results of the study show that the most prominent problems of beekeeping are: dust storms , few plants nectary or short period of its existence , drought and erratic rainfall , weak role of agricultural extension in the field of beekeeping , lack of training courses for beekeepers , decrease in the number of publications and bulletins extension in beekeeping , decrease in the number of experts in the field of beekeeping ,lack of sufficient knowledge in dealing with bee pests and diseases

The objective of the research is to estimate the function of Cotton production by using power function for one independent variable, choosing the double log model , then testing them by the first and the second statistical tests , They must be suitable of the agricultural production economic theory . The development of Cotton productivity for agricultural land in Iraq in the ( 2004– 2003 ) duration is 1679.84 kg/ha more than the productivity. of (1986-2003) duration, it is 1404.44 kg/ha , where as they are 2698.76 and 2698.76 kg/ha in ( 1968 – 1985 ) and (1950 – 1967 ) durations respectively . Thus, The Cotton productivity was incrased during the years . The economic derivatives of production function are estimated , they represent the marginal production and the average production functions , and production elasticities . The main result is the second stage of the law production of diminishing returns represented the Cotton production in Iraq . The productivity is low when it compared with the productivity of developed countries. Thus , the important suggestion is to do our best to reach higher production level.

The targeted are search aims diagnose to the reality of some of the factors extension and processing related to the limited scope of the spread of the system of agriculture in greenhouses in the province of Najaf, and to achieve the objective of this research has been prepared a map of adopted aspects extension areas (regulations guide way, personnel deployment, extension activities, plan extension) and aspects of processing areas (processing plan, sources processing, automatic processing, lending), personal data collected against 20 people from organizations working in the agricultural province of Najaf, and a random sample of 125 respondents of protected vegetable growers in the province of Najaf, the results show that the Indicative activity in Najaf done by the government of institutions in the first place, the absence of regulation guiding a specialist on the subject of agriculture in greenhouses, the average number of agricultural extension of the workers in the areas of farming is a little bit, lack of extension activities carried out by the farmers on the subject of the farming system in greenhouses in the province Najaf, the extension activities took place in the absence of implementing the extension integrated plan and well thought out based on the needs of the farmers concerned, as demonstrated by the lack of an integrated processing plan that is coherent with the objectives and specific time and the target area.

This study evaluates the supplementation of broiler chickens probiotic "Vetlactoflorum- M" (diluted in milk), "Vetlactoflorum-C" (diluted in whey) on the broiler chickens meat and biological value. One hundred and fifty day-old "Ross-308" broilers are used (n=150), the first group without probiotic and 2 groups are supplemented with probiotics in the water. There are nine treatments with 4 replicates and 3 birds per replicate. The results show that there is improving biological value and safety of broiler meat. Also there is an improvement in the acid value of fat, and the reaction (pH) is normal. It is concluded that probiotics "Vetlactoflorum-M" and "Vetlactoflorum-C" are recommended for using on poultry farms of Belarus