Comparison the Effect of Bromelain and Papain Enzymes on Fish Food which Prepared from Poultry Waste Powder on Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) Growth Performance

. The study was conducted in the Fish Laboratory / College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit to study the effect of poultry waste powder supplemented with the Bromelain and Papain enzymes at rates of 2% and 3% on growth rates, 60 fish were randomly distributed with two replicates for each treatment, 6 fish for each replicate into 10 aquaria. The fish feed containing poultry droppings powder were prepared and chemical analyzes were conducted and they were used to feed common carp fish Cyprinus Carpio L. Treatment T3 recorded the highest weight gain of 91.49 g, while it decreased in treatment T2 to 69.85 g. The relative growth rate of treatment T3: 54.62% increased, and the specific growth of 0.30 g / day, and the efficiency of food conversion decreased in treatment T4: 28.30% compared with the other treatments. Significant differences were recorded at the level (P≤0.05) between the different experimental treatments, and most of the treatments covered the common carp requirements of essential amino acids.


I. INTRODUCTION
Common carp Cyprinus Carpio L. is one of the most important types of fish found in many countries of the world [1], and this type of fish is characterized by its tolerance to environmental conditions and its high growth rates in Iraqi fish farms and the ease of cultivation. It provides its nutritional requirements in addition to its palatability by the Iraqi consumer [2], and it is the most important type of fish that is farmed in Iraq [3].
Enzymes play an effective role in fish feeds, as they increase the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and fats and convert it into easily digestible and absorbable substances in the intestines [4]. [5] explained the importance of containing fish feeds on a protein source rich in amino acids, as there are ten indispensable amino acids that cannot be represented by fish, the most important of which are lysine and methionine, therefore they must be provided in the feeds. Animal butchery waste are a major source of highvalue proteins it is nutritious, easy to digest and rich in essential amino acids. It is produced from fish and poultry waste [6] .
The current study aims to compare the addition of Bromelain and Papain enzymes at rates of 2% and 3% in fish powder prepared from poultry and added in the diets of common carp fish, and the estimation of the essential amino acids in it and its effect on the growth rates of fish.

 Preparation of Powder and Peeds
The poultry waste was shredded and the enzymes (Bromelain, Papain) were added to it by weight (2 and 3%) of its weight for 24 hours for the purpose of decomposition, after which it was dried in an electric oven at a temperature of 60°C to produce the powder. Five feeds of feed ingredient were prepared (wheat 35% -corn 25% -barley 20% -bran 9% -poultry wastepowder 10% -vitamins and minerals 1%), and the feeds were divided into: -

Chemical Analytics
Chemical analyzes were carried out according to what was mentioned by [7] as follows:

 Moisture
The moisture content of the experimental feeds was estimated by taking a sample of all kinds of feeds and dried in an electric oven at a temperature of (105) °C.

 Protein
Nitrogen was calculated by Micro Kjeldahl method by digesting the experimental samples with sulfuric acid and boric acid was used as a guide for bromocresol green for distillation. It was Titrated with HCL acid and the conversion factor 6.25 was used to estimate the protein of samples.

 Fat
Use a soxhlet and diethyl ether to determine the fat content.

 Fibers
The estimation of fibers was carried out in the animal production laboratory of the College of Agriculture -University of Baghdad according to the following equation: Raw fiber percentage = fiber weight (g) / sample weight (g) x 100  Ash The percentage of ash was estimated using an incinerator of German origin, type Muffle Furnace (550 °C/4 hour), by burning samples weighing 1 g for three hours at a temperature of 550 °C until a white powder was obtained. 

Nitrogen-Free Extract
The nitrogen-free extract was calculated as the difference by subtracting the percentages of nutrients (moisture, protein, fat, ash, and fiber) from 100.

 Essential Amino Acids
The amino acids of the prepared feeds were estimated using 2 g of each sample, which was placed in a narrow-necked glass digestion tube, 10 ml of 6-N HCl acid was added, the tube was closed tightly by flame and incubated at a temperature of (60-70) °C for 24 hours, then the samples were filtered. It was concentrated by a rotary evaporator to get rid of acid residues and analyzed by an amino acid analyzer located in the Water Resources Department -Ministry of Science and Technology. The experimental samples were read after comparing them with the standard samples of amino acids, [8].
The following equations were used to calculate growth rates: Total weight gain (gm) = final weight (gm) -initial weight (gm). Daily growth rate g/day = weight gain (gm) / duration of increase (day) [9]. Specific growth rate g/day = log of final weight -log of initial weight/experiment period x 100 [10].

Statistical Analysis
The statistical program Statistical Analysis System [12] was used to study the effect of various experimental treatments and data analysis according to a completely randomized design (CRD), and the significant differences were compared according to [13] at a probability level of P<0.05. Table (1) The results showed that there were no significant differences ((P≤0.05) for the percentage of moisture between treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4, while the percentage decreased in treatment T5, reaching 8.13%. The percentage of fat in treatments T1, T2 and T4 increased (8.87, 8.56 and 8.57) %, respectively. While it decreased for treatments T3 and T5 and amounted to 8.55% and 8.54%, respectively. These results are compared with the results of [14] when using two types of digestive enzymes in the feeds of common carp. No significant differences (P≤0.05) were recorded between treatments in the percentage of protein, carbohydrates and fiber. The percentage of ash ranged between (5.18 and 5.91%), which is less than what was found by [15] when using it for poultry droppings powder in fish feeds. Common carp ranged between (9.39-9.95) %. *Different letters indicate the presence of significant differences wihin the same column under the level of significance (P≤0.05). Table (2) The results showed the weight gain rates of fish during the weeks of the experiment, as we notice that there are significant differences between treatments (P≤0.05), and these differences were recorded in the weight gain rates between treatments with the superiority of treatments T3 and T5 (91.49 and 97.86) g, respectively, and the results were close What [16] found when using a protease enzyme in tilapia feeds, and with the results of [13] when using digestive enzymes in the feeds of common carp fish, where the highest rate of weight gain was 96.77. Significant differences were observed between the treatments in the daily growth rates, with treatment T3 significant exceeded (P≤0.5)by recorded 1.93 g/day compared to the rest of the treatments. The T3 treatment was also superior in the relative growth rates of 54.62%, specific growth of 0.30 g/day, and the feed conversion efficiency of 57.18%. and the results converged with the study [17] when using two types of enzymes in the feeds of common carp fish. [18] stated that enzymes improve metabolism and increase fish utilization for feeds, thus improving growth rates and weight gain.   Table (3) shows the percentage of amino acids for feeds containing the bromelain and papain enzymes, where the treatment T1 recorded 9.1% the highest percentage of the amino acid arginine, while the treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 did not cover the fish's need for arginine, while the same treatments covered the fish's need for histidine (3.9, 4.1, 2.9 and 2.1) %. Treatment T5 recorded the highest percentage of the amino acid isoleucine 29.5%, while the lowest percentage was in the treatment T3 0.5%, and the two amino acids leucine and lysine were found in small percentages in most of the treatments. Treatment T1 outperformed the rest of the treatments in containing the amino acids tyrosine and threonine with percentages The results of the current study converged with [19] when using poultry droppings powder supplemented with enzymes in common carp fish feed. The reason for the loss of some acids is due to the fact that the powders prepared from the waste contain a high percentage of the connective tissue that consists of collagen and elastin, and thus they are deficient or poor in some essential amino acids [20].

CONCLUSIONS
We conclude from this study that the addition of poultry waste powder prepared with bromelain and papain enzymes, containing high percentages of essential amino acids as a protein source in common carp diet, reduced the production costs of feeds and improved the feeding and growth efficiency of fish.