The study was designed to determine the physical and chemical properties of some water sources and investigate their suitability in irrigation. The samples are taken from stored and stagnant water in a pool (20x10x2 m) to irrigate agricultural fields in the College of Agriculture, University of Qadisiya, it is compared with sewage and tap water also water reverse osmosis was used as a control. The water samples are categorized depending on the values of electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio according to US Salinity Laboratory. The effect of four types of water also is studied in plant of tomatoes Lycopersicum esculntum conditions under the canopy by some external morphological characteristics and physiological as stressed indicators.
Electrical conductivity values are ranged between (0.066- 1.856 ds.m-1). The pH values are between (3.7 - 3.8) and the total suspended solid are ranged from (0.01- 87.85 mg / L, while the results have been recorded between (103.4- 1120) mg /l of total solids of the treated water and wastewater respectively. The results of chemical analyses show that total alkalinity and hardness of wastewater samples are very high (445.35 mg/l and 603.16 mg/l), while decreases to (27.6 mg/l and 41.65 mg/l) for RO treated water respectively. The concentrations of cations (Na, Ca2, Mg2, K) are between (- 37.9 - 77.3) and (8.5-37.57) and (15.3- 179.56) and (66.6-255.7) mg/l for each element in the treated water and wastewater respectively. While anions (, PO4, Cl, NO2, NO3, SO4 record high ranges for wastewater between (47.9- 477.81) and (6.8-465.28) and (0.16- 59.41) and (7.59-234.96) mg/l respectively. The study also shows that the soluble sodium percentage records the highest value in the treated water (54.5%) and the lowest value is detected in the pond water (38.32%). The sodium adsorption ratio is ranged between (2/1- 4/30) for RO water and wastewater respectively, While the exchangeable sodium percentage is ranged between (0.45-87.16) for both types of water respectively.
The results shows the total chlorophyll values were reduced in plant of tomatoes irrigated with wastewater to (3.2 mg/g fresh weight) while the highest value is recorded 5.2 in irrigated plants with RO water. However, chlorophyll a values are ranged between (0.94-1.37) mg/g in irrigated plants with wastewater and RO water treatment respectively, while chlorophyll b values are ranged from (0.39-0.52) and the ratio of Chl. a / Chl. b. was 2.33-2.64 in the pond water and treated water respectively. The total content of carotenoid is decreased to (0.08) mg/g of fresh weight in the wastewater treatment to 0.56 mg/g in RO water treatment, the chlorophyll stability index was between (90.4-62.7%) in irrigated plants with tap water and sewage water respectively. The percentage of permeability to electrolytes increase to (49.8%) in irrigated plants with pond water.